| Diagnostic Procedures
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Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy ('gastroscopy') (to examine the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum)
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Colonoscopy (to examine the large intestine/colon and terminal ileum)
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Enteroscopy of the small bowel (using an especially long endoscope to see further into the small intestine) |
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Capsule endoscopy of the small bowel (done by swallowing a capsule containing a camera and electronic transmitting device, to see the entire small intestine) |
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) (using a special endoscope to visualise the bile and pancreatic ducts)
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Liver biopsy (using a special needle with local anaesthetic to painlessly remove a tiny piece of liver tissue for pathological examination)
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Therapeutic Procedures:
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Dilatation of oesophageal strictures
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Insertion of oesophageal stents (to open blocked tubes)
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Injection sclerotherapy and band-ligation of oesophageal varices
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Insertion of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube |
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Haemostasis (stopping bleeding) of ulcers and abnormal blood vessels
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Laser re-canalisation of inoperable oesophageal and stomach cancers
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| By Colonoscopy |
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Removal of polyps (polypectomy)
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Haemostasis (stopping bleeding) of bleeding lesions |
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Insertion of stents
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Laser re-canalisation of inoperable colon cancer |
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Treatment of haemorrhoids |
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| By ERCP |
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Sphincterotomy and extraction of gallstones from the bile ducts |
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Stenting of the bile ducts or pancreatic duct |
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Conversion of external-internal biliary stent to endoscopic stent ('rendezvous procedure')
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* Reproduced with permission from Penny Nield and Brian Gazzard.
Patient Pictures -Gastroenterology. Oxford: Health Press, 1997.
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